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[tor-commits] [bridgedb/master] 4297 - add draft proposal to repo
commit ca16efcefe2b66d4db4de0fab990d2bba27f3e1a
Author: aagbsn <aagbsn@xxxxxxxx>
Date: Tue Dec 6 13:25:20 2011 -0800
4297 - add draft proposal to repo
This is the draft proposal that was sent to tor-dev on Dec 5, 2011
plus the addition of the new SQL schema for storing or-addresses.
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xxx-bridgedb-learns-ipv6.txt | 280 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
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+Filename: xxx-bridgedb-learns-ipv6.txt
+Title: BridgeDB Learns IPv6
+Author: Aaron Gibson
+Created: 5 Dec 2011
+Status: Draft
+
+Overview:
+
+ This document outlines what we'll do to make BridgeDB fully support IPv6
+ bridges, and fully support IPv6 with the email, https, and bucket
+ distributors.
+
+Motivation:
+
+ IPv6 bridges need a BridgeDB too.
+
+What needs to change:
+
+ There are two main tasks that must be completed for BridgeDB to support IPv6.
+
+ 1. BridgeDB must be able to parse IPv6 addresses from router descriptors.
+ (Currently, BridgeDB does not recognize the or-address line described in
+ 186-multiple-orports.txt)
+
+ 2. BridgeDB must decide how to hand out IPv6 addresses. (Currently,
+ BridgeDB distributors are not IPv6 aware, and provide no support for
+ distinguishing bridges by address class)
+
+
+1. BridgeDB learns to parse or-address
+
+ BridgeDB must learn how to parse the new or-address line from server
+ descriptors. The new or-address line allows a router to specify a list of
+ addresses and ports or port-ranges.
+
+ Here is the or-address specification (see: 186-multiple-orports.txt)
+
+ or-address SP ADDRESS ":" PORTLIST NL
+ ADDRESS = IP6ADDR | IP4ADDR
+ IPV6ADDR = an ipv6 address, surrounded by square brackets.
+ IPV4ADDR = an ipv4 address, represented as a dotted quad.
+ PORTLIST = PORTSPEC | PORTSPEC "," PORTLIST
+ PORTSPEC = PORT | PORT "-" PORT
+ PORT = a number between 1 and 65535 inclusive.
+
+ BridgeDB must now comprehend and store multiple listening addresses and
+ ports. BridgeDB currently assumes that each bridge has only one listen
+ address. BridgeDB must be modified to take one of the following approaches:
+
+ a. Treat each ADDRESS:PORT combination as a separate bridge entity
+ b. Display a subset of each bridges ADDRESS:PORT entries in a response
+ c. Display all of each bridges ADDRESS:PORT entries in a response
+
+ Given any address of the bridge you can learn its fingerprint, and use that
+ to look up its descriptor at tonga and learn the rest of the addresses. so
+ counting a bridge with 5 addresses as 5 bridges makes it more likely to get
+ blocked by a smart adversary. but more useful against a weaker adversary.
+ #XXX: thanks arma!
+ # any other thoughts here? option c. seems to be the simplest to implement.
+
+ BridgeDB should be able to mark specific IP:port pairs as blocked, and
+ indicate where it is blocked (e.g. by country code). This requirement is
+ complicated by the fact that or-address may specify a range of listening
+ ports.
+
+ How are IPv6 Addresses stored in BridgeDB?
+
+ IPv6 Addresses are stored as strings, the same way as IPv4 addresses.
+ #XXX: is this better than using the ipaddr.IPAddress class?
+
+ As the new or-address specification allows for multiple ADDRESS:PORT
+ BridgeDB's persistent database must also be modified.
+
+ A new table 'or-address' shall be created with the following fields:
+ ex. from updated BridgeDB schema:
+
+ CREATE TABLE BridgeOrAddresses (
+ id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
+ hex_key,
+ address,
+ or_port,
+ address_class,
+ );
+
+ CREATE INDEX BridgeOrAddressesKeyIndex on BridgeOrAddresses ( hex_key );
+
+ How are Bridges differentiated by address class?
+
+ Bridges are differentiated by the string representation of their IP
+ address.
+
+ When BridgeDB needs to make a distinction between IP address classes, the
+ python module ipaddr-py (https://code.google.com/p/ipaddr-py/) will be
+ used to determine address class.
+
+2. BridgeDB learns how to selectively distribute IPv6 bridges
+
+ BridgeDB's 3 distributors must be able to selectively provide both
+ IPv4 and/or IPv6 bridges to clients. Deployment of these distributors must
+ take care to mitigate reachability issues due partly to the ongoing
+ transition from IPv4 to IPv6.
+
+ [One such issue is clients who have IPv6 support on their local network but
+ the client's ISP does not; such a client may try to reach the IPv6 address
+ specified by a AAAA record and fail to connect.]
+
+ The 3 distributor types that BridgeDB currently features are:
+
+ 1. HTTPS Distributor
+
+ The HTTPS distributor must be able to selectively offer both IPv4 and
+ IPv6 bridges to its' clients, and BridgeDB must support both IPv4 and
+ IPv6 connections.
+
+ #XXX the twisted framework does not currently support ipv6. However,
+ # it is possible to place BridgeDB behind a forwarding proxy such as
+ # apache or nginx, which will pass the client address to BridgeDB in the
+ # X_FORWARDED_FOR header. BridgeDB HTTPS distributor must be able to
+ # parse the X_FORWARDED_FOR header for both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.
+ # Additionally, BridgeDB should eventually support IPv6 natively when
+ # the twisted framework provides adequate IPv6 support.
+
+ How does bridgedb determine whether to respond with ipv4 or ipv6
+ bridges?
+
+ Users select IPv4 or IPv6 bridges by visiting different URLs. An
+ informational message added to the BridgeDB response will include the
+ other URL. Two separate BridgeDB instances are run, one for each URL.
+
+ Alternately, ipv6 bridges could be requested by visiting
+ bridges.tpo/ipv6 or similar URL path scheme.
+
+ Proposed Additional Hostname For IPv6 Bridges
+
+ BridgeDB shall listen for requests on two different hostnames,
+ bridges.torproject.org and bridgesv6.torproject.org.
+
+ DNS Configuration Details
+
+ bridges.torproject.org shall not have an AAAA record until the
+ addition of the record is determined to be sound.
+
+ bridgesv6.torproject.org shall have both an AAAA and A record.
+
+ This is to avoid the confused-client scenario described above.
+
+ How does BridgeDB know which URL was requested?
+
+ This section describes how BridgeDB could be modified to support
+ requests to both bridges.torproject.org and bridgesv6.torproject.org
+ with a single BridgeDB instance.
+
+ A single BridgeDB instance could handle requests to both
+ bridges.torproject.org and bridgesv6.torproject.org by checking the
+ Host header sent by the browser. The Host header is optional. In
+ order to expose the selector explitely BridgeDB must check the query
+ string for the following parameters:
+
+ q=ipv4 - Request IPv4 bridges.
+ q=ipv6 - Request IPv6 bridges.
+
+ Parameters may be repeated to select multiple classes, e.g.
+
+ q=ipv4&q=ipv6 - Request both IPv4 and IPv6 bridges.
+
+ When no parameters are set, by default BridgeDB must return addresses
+ of the same class as the client. This default may promote IPv6 use
+ where possible.
+
+ How does someone end up at bridgesv6.torproject.org?
+
+ BridgeDB should include a message at the end of its' response.
+ e.g.
+
+ "Get IPv4 bridges https://bridges.torproject.org";
+ "Get IPv6 bridges from https://bridgesv6.torproject.org";
+ "You must have IPv6 for these bridges to work."
+ #XXX: will users understand what this means?
+
+ How does IPv6 affect address datamining of https distribution?
+ A user may be allocated a /128, or a /64.
+ An adversary may control a /32 or perhaps larger
+ Proposal: Enable reCAPTCHA support by default.
+
+ How do IPv6 addresses work with the IPBasedDistributor?
+ #XXX: I need feedback on this
+ # do we use all 128 bits here?
+ # upper N bits? lower N bits? random or specific N bits?
+
+ How are IPv6 Bridges actually distinguished?
+
+ A new type of BridgeSplitter (sort of like a BridgeHolder)
+ is devised; the function of which is to split bridges into different
+ rings determined by a filter function.
+
+ The filtering mechanism here is similar to BridgeDB's ipCategories
+ implementation, the difference is that both the filters and ring
+ names are specified at instance construction.
+
+ The construction of a BridgeSplitter instance should be done by
+ passing lists of tuples (ringName,filterFunction) to the constructor.
+ This feature allows for dynamically creating filtered BridgeRings,
+ which would prove useful for constructing more complex filters, for
+ example, filtering by both address class and reachability from
+ specific countries.
+
+ This implementation could increase the rate at which bridges are
+ detected and blocked, although the rate could be controlled by the
+ frequency that BridgeDB updates its knowledge of blocked bridges.
+
+ #XXX: I have some concern about the performance of
+ # filtering bridges dynamically for each response. BridgeDB should
+ # learn to cache recently used dynamic filters so that the impact of
+ # popular requests will be reduced, and BridgeDB does not have to
+ # pre-compute or identify which types of requests will be popular.
+
+ The implementation could look similar to the current 'subring'
+ implementation; or the current 'ipCategories' implementation. Both of
+ the features are implemented using subrings that hold a subset of
+ the parent ring's bridges; the subset being defined by a filtering
+ function.
+
+ An accompanying Distributor based on the existing IPBasedDistributor
+ shall be designed to use the above BridgeSplitter so that sorted
+ Bridges are selectable by address type. Because a bridge
+ may now have both IPv6 and IPv4 addresses, BridgeDB needs to take
+ one of the following approaches when only a single address class is
+ requested:
+
+ a. filter addresses of the other address class from the response
+ b. include the other addresses in the response
+
+ 2. Email Distributor
+
+ The Email Distributor must accept additional new commands parsed from
+ the subject or a single line in the body of an email message.
+
+ ipv4 - request IPv4 bridges.
+ ipv6 - request IPv6 bridges.
+
+ The default action may be set in bridgedb.conf with the option
+ EMAIL_DEFAULT_ADDRESS_CLASS, which must be one of 'ipv6' or 'ipv4'. If
+ the option is not given in the config, EMAIL_DEFAULT_ADDRESS_CLASS shall
+ default to 'ipv4'.
+
+ Similar to the IPBasedDistributor, BridgeDB must determine how the
+ response should accommodate bridges with both address classes.
+
+ 3. Unassigned Distributor and Buckets
+
+ BridgeDB must provide a selector to choose between exporting
+ IPv4, IPv6, or both types of bridges.
+
+ BridgeDB currently provides a way to export bucket files with
+ unallocated bridges. The existing syntax provides no mechanism to
+ differentiate by address class.
+
+ Proposed new FILE_BUCKET syntax:
+
+ A dictionary of dictionaries with the following acceptable keys and
+ values.
+
+ 'filename_prefix' shall be a unique string used as the output filename
+ prefix. This is string is also the key to a dictionary that contains
+ the following key/values:
+
+ 'address-class' : one of either 'ipv6' or 'ipv4'
+ 'number' : an integer > 0
+
+ Users may wish to provide descriptive names,
+ e.g.
+
+ FILE_BUCKETS = {
+ 'filename_prefix': {'address-class': 'ipv6', 'number': 10},
+ 'descriptive_name': {'address-class': 'ipv6', 'number': 10},
+ }
+
+ Future BridgeDB enhancements may expand these options to include other
+ filters.
+ #XXX: e.g. buckets of bridges 'not-blocked-in'
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