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Re: gEDA-user: pcb, howto partition power planes?



DJ Delorie wrote:
>> In my 20+ years in engineering I have yet to see one case where
>> splitting a ground plane under high-speed ADCs has worked.
> 
> What about high precision ADCs?  I'm working on a design using ADE7753
> power monitor chips (16-bit ADCs) , and their own app note (AN564)
> shows a ferrite isolating analog ground, and a 10R resistor isolating
> AVdd.
> 

Ok, goes a bit OT here but maybe it helps others as well. Will take a 
bit longer to explain scenarios.

Personally I would not split but make sure sensitive inputs are fed 
differentially. The datasheet shows some uncertainty about this:

Page 8 says, quote "To keep ground noise around the ADE7753 to a 
minimum, the quiet ground plane should connected to the digital ground 
plane at only one point. It is acceptable to place the entire device on 
the analog ground plane."

... while figures 29 and 30 have both grounds tied together.

Yes, in AN564 there is an inductor connecting both grounds. This concept 
falls apart when you have more than one converter or when stuff from the 
external world needs to connect to the analog side in non-diff fashion. 
But the real concerns are others. Examples follow, and I've seen them all.

a. Since power meters are mostly mounted to an outside wall in the US 
this is what can happen during a thunderstorm. Split grounds act as a 
dipole antenna with the current maximum at the joint, or in case of 
AN564 an inductor. Lighting hits uncle Leroy's oak tree, a gigantic EM 
pulse develops, reaches the meter, finds a nice and receptive dipole 
antenna in the form of a split plane, fssst ... *BANG*. Meter's gone.

b. Uncle Leroy has a huge antenna next to the garage where the meter is 
located. Inside the garage is that humongous CB amplifier that he tells 
everybody never to talk about because it's, ahem, not quite legit. He 
keys the mike, AM-modulated RF floods the woods and develops a varying 
voltage across that inductor that peaks high enough to upset the ADC in 
the meter. Upon which the meter probably goes into some kind of lock-down.

c. Someone walks up to the meter and then his cell phone rings. One 
never knows but the chip might have some bipolar (BJT) paths between the 
two grounds. While it isn't sensitive to GHz frequencies per se just a 
wee bit of that RF can rectify at a few BJT junctions in there. Since 
the transmissions are burst-like the rectified signal consists of pulses 
of who-knows-what characteristic. This might cause more or less serious 
ADC conversion errors.

I could go on. Bottomline is that you never really know what kind of 
outside disturbances a piece of electronics might be exposed to and how 
a chip will react to noise. Maybe not now, but what if some new 4G 
standard pops up in the maketplace that turns out to be a real bear in 
terms of susceptibility?

In contrast, isolating an analog supply voltage can be a very smart 
thing to do. As long as either side of the isolation resistor or 
inductor is bypassed really well.

-- 
Regards, Joerg

http://www.analogconsultants.com/



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